What do physics teachers and students do and understand when they use differential expressions?

Abstract

One of our previous works explained the use of differential calculus and determined a series of indicators of what could be considered as the appropriate understanding of the concept of differential in physics. Following the conclusions reached in the aforesaid work, this article now analyses common teaching, and more precisely what teachers and students do and understand when applying differential calculus in physics. The present work exposes and justifies our first hypothesis and presents the experimental design elaborated to test it, and then puts forward the most relevant results registered when applying that design on a large sample of secondary school teachers and secondary school and university students. Attained results prove the absence of all understanding indicators of the differential and highlight the merely logarithmical use made of calculus, as well as the negative impact it has on learning physics.