Student's alternative conceptions on photosynthesis and respiration: A bibliographical revision in relation to plant nutrition researches and learning

Abstract

This article briefl y summarizes the findings of a bibliographical revision process based on the reports published since 1980, related to alternative conceptions of both photosynthesis and respiration concepts. We also analyzed the origin of students’ conceptions, as well as new methodological proposals in order to prevent the appearance of new misconceptions and/or misunderstandings. This review indicates that students show a wide range of conceptual difficulties that constrain the understanding on both photosynthesis and respiration. Many of these difficulties persist after instruction and new ones arise. Furthermore, difficulties have different and complex origins: teacher’s instructions, curricula development, textbooks, and so on. It is possible to conclude the universality of alternative conceptions of photosynthesis and respiration along all levels of science education.